GRAMMAR - THEORY & PRACTICE: WH- QUESTIONS

WHAT? - ¿qué? ¿cuál?	E.g. What is your name? What time is it?
WHO? - ¿quién/es?	E.g. Who are you?
WHY? - ¿por qué?	E.g. Why is he angry? Because…
WHEN? - ¿cuándo?	E.g. When is the party?
WHERE? - ¿dónde?	E.g. Where is your brother?
HOW? - ¿cómo?	E.g. How are you?
HOW OLD?	E.g. How old is Victoria?
HOW OFTEN?	E.g. How often do you play tennis?
HOW MUCH? - ¿cuánt@?	E.g. How much is it?
HOW MANY? ¿cuánt@s?	E.g. How many books have you got?
WHICH? - ¿cuál? (select)	E.g. Which book do you prefer?
WHOSE? - ¿de quién?	E.g. Whose is this car?

     EXERCISE - Complete the questions with one of the question words above:

1.   ______________________ do you live? I live in Barcelona.

2.   ______________________ is your job? I am a dentist.

3.   ______________________ skirt do you want? I want the red skirt.

4.   ______________________’s your boyfriend? My boyfriend is James.

5.   ______________________ does she study French? Because she wants to travel to Paris.

6.   ______________________ are you? I’m 25 years old.

7.   ______________________ car is this? This is Peter’s car.

8.   ______________________’s your mum? She is at the cinema.

9.   ______________________ do you watch football? At 8.30.

10. ____________________ books have you got? I’ve got ten books.

11. ________________ do you go to school? I go to school every day.

12. _______________  bread is there? There is a lot of bread.

EXERCISE - Write the questions for the following answers:

1- Yes, there was a bookcase.

.............................................................................................................................?

2- No, he wasn’t in the living room.

.............................................................................................................................?

3- I saw an accident.

.............................................................................................................................?  

4- I brought a book.

.............................................................................................................................?  

5- Yes, I ate three apples.  

.............................................................................................................................?  

6- Tom arrived at 5 o’clock.

.............................................................................................................................?  

7- No, I didn’t buy milk.

.............................................................................................................................?  

8- No, the house didn’t have three bedrooms.

.............................................................................................................................?  

9- She travelled to Italy.

.............................................................................................................................?   

10- He drunk a cup of tea.

.............................................................................................................................?  

11- No, there weren’t any books. 

.............................................................................................................................?

11- Jennifer played with Michael. 

.............................................................................................................................?

VOCABULARY - TELLING THE TIME IN ENGLISH

- ASKING AND TELLING THE TIME:

Question: What time is it? / What’s the time?

Answer: It’s…

- THE MAIN STRUCTURES IN ENGLISH:

1. HOUR + O'CLOCK: (= Spanish)

Two o'clock, five o'clock, ten o'clock.

2. MINUTES/ QUARTER/HALF + PAST/ TO + HOUR: (≠ Spanish)

Seven past five, ten to eight, quarter to nine, half past twelve.

- IMPORTANT EXPRESSIONS:

IN SPANISH	IN ENGLISH	EXAMPLES
En punto	O’clock	Diez en punto: ten o’clock
Y cuarto	(A) quarter past	Diez y cuarto: (a) quarter past ten
Menos cuarto	(A) quarter to	Diez menos cuarto: (a) quarter to ten
Y cinco	Five past	Diez y cinco: five past ten
Menos cinco	Five to	Diez menos cinco:  five to ten
Y media	Half past	Diez y media: half past ten

- USEFUL WORDS:

Midday, noon: (12:00) Mediodía. Example: At noon à a mediodía.

Midnight: (0:00) Medianoche. Example: At midnight à a medianoche.

Attention:

a.m: (Ante Meridiem = "before noon") Antes del mediodía. Example:  At 8:00 a.m.

p.m: (Post Meridiem = "after noon") Después del mediodía. Example: At 8:00 p.m.

- PREPOSITION OF TIME: “AT” (Spanish: “a”)

Question: (At) What time?

Answer: At…

Examples:

(At) What time is Science? It’s at ten o’clock.

(At) What time is the break time? It’s at (a) quarter to twelve.

(At) What time is your last class? It’s at half past one.

VOCABULARY - DO OR MAKE?

DO	MAKE
DO BADLY  ≠  DO WELL	MAKE THE BED
DO BUSINESS	MAKE A MISTAKE/AN ERROR
DO ONE’S HAIR/ONE'S NAILS	MAKE A NEW FRIEND
DO THE HOUSEWORK	MAKE A CAKE
DO THE CLEANING/THE WASHING (UP)/THE IRONING/THE COOKING	MAKE AN APPOINTMENT
DO NOTHING	MAKE A DECISION/A CHOICE
DO GOOD ≠  DO HARM	MAKE A GOOD IMPRESSION
DO WELL IN	MAKE A FOOL OF ONESELF
DO ONE’S SHOELACES	MAKE LOVE
DO ONE’S BEST	MAKE A PROMISE
DO ONE’S HOMEWORK	MAKE PROFIT
DO JUSTICE TO	MAKE BREAKFAST/LUNCH/DINNER
DO SOMETHING STUPID	MAKE MONEY
DO EXERCISE	MAKE AN EXCEPTION
DO A FAVOUR	MAKE A PHONE CALL
DO A COURSE/A DEGREE	MAKE NOISE
DO AN ASSIGNMENT	MAKE A WISH

EXTRA ACTIVITY

1. WRITE DOWN THE KEY IDEAS.

2. DRAW A POSTER  FOR THIS TOPIC.


WATCH THE VIDEO ABOUT ENVIRONMENT


Title: "Students saving the ocean".
Author: Eric Alderman.
Publishers: UCTV (University of California Television).
Date retrieved: 4 April 2012 05:46 UTC.
URL: http://www.ourmedia.org
Permanent link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZ3EVQfgjd8
Notes: This video is a UCTV production for educational and non-commercial use. It is under Creative Commons license.

GRAMMAR - PAST SIMPLE TENSE: FORMATION AND USES

REGULAR VERBS	IRREGULAR VERBS
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE SUBJECT + V–ED*	AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE SUBJECT + 2nd COLUMN (TABLE)
Examples: Mike helped in the house. They worked in Manchester.	Examples: Mike went to London. I took the bus.
NEGATIVE SENTENCE SUBJECT + DID NOT / DIDN’T + V
Examples: Mike did not / didn’t help in the house. They did not / didn’t work in Manchester.	Examples: Mike did not / didn’t go to London. I did not / didn’t take the bus.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE DID + SUBJECT + V?
Examples: Did Mike help in the house? Did they work in Manchester?	Examples: Did Mike go to London? Did I take the bus?
SHORT ANSWERS YES, SUBJECT PRONOUN + DID / NO, SUBJECT PRONOUN + DIDN’T
Examples: Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.	Examples: Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

* SPELLING RULES:

1- Most verbs add -ED:
Appear → Appeared; Finish → Finished; Help → Helped; Present → Presented.

2- Verbs ending in  silent E →+D: 
Arrive → Arrived; Close → Closed; Dance → Danced; Decide → Decided.

3- Verbs ending in CONSONANT +Y → Y + IED:
Carry → Carried;  Study → Studied; Try → Tried. BUT: Play → Played ("a" is not a consonant).

4- Verbs ending in STRESSED VOWEL + CONSONANT → DOUBLE CONSONANT + ED: 
Ban → Banned;  Prefer → Preferred; Stop → Stopped. BUT: Open→ Opened  ("e" is not stressed). 

5- In BRITISH ENGLISH, verbs ending in VOWEL + L → DOUBLE L + ED: 
Cancel → Cancelled; Marvel → Marvelled; Travel → Travelled. BUT: Boil → Boiled (2 vowels, not 1).

* PRONUNCIATION: 

Click the following link on YouTube to practice the pronunciation of past tense sounds of regular verbs:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_s12MkuvFQ

1. USES:

- Completed actions in the past.

- Actions that took place at a specific time in the past (i.e. description of a past event).

- Consecutive actions in the past (i.e. the main events in a story).

2. TIME EXPRESSIONS:

- ago

- yesterday, the day before yesterday

- last day / week / month / year

-in + year (in the past)

- then

- when + time clause (in the past)