1. ADDING INFORMATION
- AND (Y), ALSO (TAMBIÉN): Van seguidos de sintagma nominal o de una oración.
This dress is beautiful and cheap. I
study music and I play the piano.
- TOO, AS WELL (TAMBIÉN): Al final de oración.
I study music and I play
the piano, too / as well.
- IN ADDITION TO (ADEMÁS DE) / AS WELL AS (ASÍ COMO): Van seguidos de sintagma
nominal.
In addition to classical music, she likes jazz.
The city has several main roads as
as well as a ring road around it.
- MOREOVER,
FURTHERMORE, BESIDES, IN ADDITION (ADEMÁS, TAMBIÉN): Van seguidas de oración.
I´m too busy to take a holiday. Moreover/,
furthermore/, in addition, I don´t have the money.
NOTA: besides
puede ir seguido de oración o de sustantivo
- APART FROM (A PARTE DE) / EXCEPT FOR (CON EXCEPCIÓN DE): En oración
compuesta, al principio de cualquiera de las cláusulas.
Apart from English, she speaks three other foreign languages.
He eats nothing except
(for) bread and fish.
- BOTH …. AND ….
(TANTO … COMO…): Va
seguida de sintagmas nominales.
Both Mike and his sister passed the exams.
- NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO … (NO SÓLO … SINO TAMBIÉN): Va
seguida de sintagma nominal o entre cláusulas.
Mary plays not only the
guitar but also the violin.
2. CONTRAST
- BUT (PERO): Van seguidos de
sintagma nominal o de 1 oración.
The book is short but
interesting. He
invited me to the party but I didn’t
go.
- IN SPITE OF / DESPITE (A PESAR DE): Van seguidos de sintagma
nominal o gerundio.
In spite of the late hour /despite
the late hour, they went on with the meeting.
He arrived on time despite
/ in spite of getting up late.
- ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH (AUNQUE), IN SPITE OF THE FACT (A PESAR DE QUE): Van en 1 oración compuesta. Van
al principio o en medio de una frase.
Although / though / Even though / In spite of the fact the pupils had not
studied hard, they passed all
their exams.
- HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS (SIN EMBARGO): Van en 1º posición seguidos
de oración.
She was quite ill. However/
Nevertheless, she went to school
- WHILE / WHEREAS (MIENTRAS, MIENTRAS QUE): Van seguidos de una oración completa.
This soap opera is very interesting, while /whereas that one is quite boring.
- NEITHER … NOR (NI … NI), EITHER … OR (O…O): Van seguidas
de sintagma nominal.
Neither Mike nor Janet lives in London.
Either Mike or Janet lives in London. I can’t
remember.
3. REASON, CAUSE AND PURPOSE
- BECAUSE / AS
/SINCE (PUESTO QUE, YA QUE): Van seguidos de una oración compuesta.
Because / as / since it is late, we should all go home.
We should all go home because/
as / since it is late.
- BECAUSE OF / ON ACCOUNT OF /
OWING TO / DUE TO (A CAUSA DE, DEBIDO A): van seguidos de sintagma nominal.
Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed
at home.
We stayed at home because
of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather.
- IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO / TO (PARA): Van seguidos de infinitivo.
She uses her video in
order to / so as to / record her favourite programmes.
-
IN ORDER THAT / SO THAT (PARA QUE):
van seguidos de una oración con verbo modal.
She uses her video in
order that / so that she can record her favourite programmes.
- SO + adjetivo+ THAT/ SUCH + adjetivo+ sustantivo+ THAT (TAN …QUE): He was so
intelligent that he never
failed an exam. He was such an
intelligent boy that he never
failed an exam.
4. RESULT
- THEREFORE (POR LO TANTO), AS A RESULT (COMO RESULTADO), CONSEQUENTLY (CONSEQUENTEMENTE), FOR THIS REASON (POR ESTE MOTIVO), THUS /SO (ASÍ): Van seguidos de una oración
compuesta (“SO” entre ambas cláusulas:
I was tired so I went to bed).
Tina keeps her car in good condition. Therefore, it always passes its annual
road test.
AS A RESULT + sintagma nominal: As a result of his good marks, he was given a prize.
5. CONDITION
- (ONLY/EVEN) IF (SOLO/INCLUSO SI), UNLESS (A MENOS QUE), IN THE CASE/EVENT
THAT (EN EL CASO DE QUE), PROVIDED THAT / AS
LONG AS (SIEMPRE Y CUANDO): Van seguidos de una
cláusula en una oración compuesta.
Only if/ In the case
that/ Provided that he passes all his exams, he will be given a scholarship to continue his
studies.
- OR ELSE (O SI NO, DE LO CONTRARIO): Va en una oración compuesta.
Be careful in the exam, or else you will make a lot of mistakes.
- WHETHER …. OR NOT (SI … O NO): Va entre cláusulas o sintagmas
nominales.
I don’t know whether he wants to be my friend or not.
6. SEQUENCE
- FIRST,
FIRSTLY (EN PRIMER LUGAR,), FIRST
OF ALL
(PRIMERO DE TODO), TO BEGIN WITH (PARA EMPEZAR): Van seguidos de oración.
First of all, we should talk to the manager
- SECOND, SECONDLY (EN SEGUNDO LUGAR), THEN (LUEGO), LATER (MÁS TARDE), AFTER THAT (DESPUÉS DE ESO), AFTERWARDS (DESPUÉS): Van seguidos de oración.
Secondly / Later / Afterwards we must make a detailed plan.
- THE
NEXT STAGE
(EL PRÓXIMO PASO), FINALLY (FINALMENTE), IN SHORT (EN RESUMEN), TO SUM UP (PARA RESUMIR), IN CONCLUSION (EN CONCLUSIÓN), ALL IN ALL (EN TÉRMINOS GENERALES), ON THE WHOLE (TENIENDO TODO EN
CUENTA): Van seguidos de oración.
Finally / In conclusion, we need to have good ideas before we present our plan.
7. EMPHASIS
- INDEED, IN REALITY, ACTUALLY, IN
FACT, AS A MATTER OF FACT (EN REALIDAD, DE HECHO): Van tras el verbo “TO BE”(excepto “AS A MATTER OF FACT”) Y al comienzo de
oración.
His work is indeed
/ in fact more amazing than before.
I thought he was telling the truth. In fact / As a matter of fact, we
all believed him.
8. COMPARISON: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
- SIMILARLY, IN
THE SAME WAY (ASIMISMO, DEL MISMO
MODO): Van seguidas de oración o sintagma nominal.
This apple is bitter.
Similarly, this one is sour.
This apple is bitter.
In the same way, this one is
sour.
- IN
CONTRAST (POR EL
CONTRARIO), ON THE CONTRARY (AL CONTRARIO): Van seguidas de
oración o sintagma nominal.
This apple is red. In contrast, this orange is not.
Some people think the apple
is orange. On the contrary, the apple is red.
- ON THE ONE HAND … ON THE OTHER HAND (POR UN LADO … POR OTRO): Va seguida de sintagma nominal o cláusulas.
On the one hand, I’d like to earn
more money, but on the other hand,
I don’t want to work extra hours.
