GRAMMAR - EXERCISES: THERE IS, THERE ARE / THERE WAS, THERE WERE, COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

- Complete with “THERE IS” or “THERE ARE” according to the sign. Then change the sentences into the Past Simple Tense, using "THERE WAS" and "THERE WERE" as necessary:

1.+ ____________________ one sandwich.

2. ? ______________________ any coffee?

3. - ____________________ three potatoes.

4. ? ___________________ one steak?

5. + __________________ some water.

6. + _____________________ six onions.

7. - ___________________ any tea.

8. ? ______________________ four peppers?

9. + _______________________ some orange juice.

10. + ____________________ a lot of apples.

- Write “A/ AN”, “SOME” or “ANY”: 

1. You’ve got ________________ friends.

2. Is there _____________ cheese?

3. I haven’t got ___________ bread.

4. Have they got ____________ burgers?

5. There is __________ ham.

6.  There isn’t ___________ salad.

7. Is there _________________ tomatoes?

8. Have you got ____________ ketchup?

9. I want ______________ mustard on my hot dog.

10. There isn’t ______________ milk at home.

PRACTICE - PRESENT AND PAST TENSES REVIEW

1. Write PRESENT SIMPLE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS as necessary in each case: 

   1. They _________________ (play) at the park at the moment.

   2. Leslie ____________________ (walk) every morning.

   3. I  ______________________ (study) English on Fridays.

   4. My parents ________________________ (talk) to their best friends right now.

   5. You sometimes ____________________ (meet) your friends.

   6. Listen! She _______________________ (sing) our favourite song.

2. COMPLETE WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OF “TO BE”:

   1.  That student _________________ intelligent.

   2.  ______________ your parents happy with your marks? Yes, _____________________

   3. The dog _________________ (not) ill.

   4. _____________ your grandson at home? No, ______________________

   5. The books ________________________ (not) old.

3.  PAST SIMPLE – Regular verbs - Build sentences in the affirmative form:

   1. They _________________________ (celebrate) a party.

   2. Jill _________________________ (cook) dinner.

   3. The children _______________________ (study) French.

   4. The teacher __________________________ (correct) the activities.

   5. The man _____________________ (dance) very well.

4.  PAST SIMPLE – Irregular verbs -Build sentences in the affirmative form:

   1. They _________________________ (forget) my birthday.

   2. Jill _________________________ (see) the car.

   3. The children _______________________ (go) to school.

   4. The man __________________________ (lose) his luggage.

   5. The boy _____________________ (break) the window.

5.  PAST SIMPLE - Build sentences in the negative form: 

   1. They ___________________________ (not travel) to New York.

   2. Nora and Peter ____________________________ (not drink) any tea.

   3. The students ______________________ (not know) the answer.

   4. Your brother ___________________ (not celebrate) a party.

   5. The boss ______________________ (not write) the e-mails.

6.  PAST SIMPLE. Build sentences in the interrogative form:

   1. _________ she __________________ (read) the book?

   2. __________ you ____________________ (play) the piano?

   3. _____________ the boys _________________ (eat) any chocolate?

   4. ____________ the cat __________________ (jump) from the roof?

GRAMMAR - “BE GOING TO”: PLANS, INTENTIONS (“IR A …”)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES	NEGATIVE SENTENCES	INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
I’M + going to + V You’RE + going to + V   He’S + going to + V She’S + going to + V It’S + going to + V   We’RE + going to + V You’RE + going to + V They’RE + going to + V	I’M NOT + going to + V You AREN’T + going to + V   He ISN’T + going to + V She ISN’T + going to + V It ISN’T + going to + V   We AREN’T + going to + V You AREN’T + going to + V They AREN’T + going to + V	AM I + going to + V? ARE you + going to + V?   IS he + going to + V? IS she + going to + V? IS it + going to + V?   ARE we + going to + V? ARE you + going to + V? ARE they + going to + V?

WRITING SKILL - PHYSICAL AND PERSONAL DESCRIPTION

VOCABULARY: PERSONALITY – “WHAT ARE YOU LIKE?”

CRUEL: CRUEL	BAD: MALO/A
GOOD: BUENO/A	SHY: TÍMIDO/A
HONEST: HONESTO/A	FRIENDLY: SIMPÁTICO/A
NICE: AGRADABLE	KIND: AMABLE

VOCABULARY: PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

WHAT DO YOU LOOK LIKE? ¿CÓMO ERES FÍSICAMENTE?	→ I AM ...... YEARS OLD. → TENGO .....  AÑOS. OLD (VIEJO) ≠ YOUNG (JOVEN)
WOMEN (MUJERES): BEAUTIFUL (HERMOSA), PRETTY (GUAPA) ≠ UGLY (FEA) MEN (HOMBRES): HANDSOME (GUAPO) ≠ UGLY (FEO)	HAIR (PELO): LONG (LARGO) ≠ SHORT (CORTO). CURLY (RIZADO) ≠ STRAIGHT (LISO) DARK(OSCURO) ≠ FAIR (CLARO), BLOND (RUBIO); BROWN  (CASTAÑO), BLACK (NEGRO).
EYES (OJOS): BIG (GRANDES) ≠ SMALL (PEQUEÑOS) BLUE (AZUL), GREEN (VERDE), BROWN (MARRÓN), BLACK (NEGRO).	BODY (CUERPO): TALL (ALTO) ≠ SHORT (BAJO) FAT (GORDO) ≠ SLIM (DELGADO) STRONG (FUERTE) ≠ WEAK (DÉBIL)

COMPOSITION MODEL: DESCRIBING A PERSON

My name is (name) and I am (number) years old. I am (adjective for age). I am (adjective for general physical appearance).

 I have got (length, type, colour) hair. I have got (size, colour) eyes. I have got / haven’t got glasses. I am (adjective for height) and (adjective for weight).

Personally, I am ___________________ and ______________________ (personality adjectives). But I am not __________________ or ___________________ (personality adjectives). According to my friends / family, I am (personality adjective). I agree/disagree with them!

That’s all about my physical appearance and my personality / Now you know a little bit about me. What about you? 

GRAMMAR - THE PLURAL OF NOUNS IN ENGLISH: THEORY AND PRACTICE

THE PLURAL FORM: SPELLING RULES

1. Add -s for the majority of nouns in English:

Examples: Book - Books;   Cat  - Cats;   Girl - Girls;   House - Houses; Dog - Dogs.

2. Add -es after sibillants (-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x):

Examples: Kiss - Kisses;   Dish - Dishes;   Match - Matches;   Box - Boxes.

3. Nouns ending in consonant + y: y – ies.

Examples: City - Cities;   Lady - Ladies. BUT: Boy - Boys;   Key - Keys.

4. IRREGULAR FORMS:

(a) -f, -fe in plural: -ves.

Examples: Loaf - Loaves;     Wife - Wives;      Knife - Knives. 

(b) -oo in plural: -ee. Foot - Feet;     Tooth - Teeth;    Goose - Geese.

(c) Animal nouns ending in -ouse in plural: -ice.

Mouse - Mice;   Louse - Lice.

(d) Food ending in –o in plural: -es.

Potato - Potatoes;   Tomato - Tomatoes.

(e) HUMANS:

 Person - People;   Man - Men;   Woman - Women;   Child - Children.

(f) Nouns which don't change their singular form in the plural:

Fish - Fish;    Sheep - Sheep.

EXERCISE – WRITE THE PLURAL FORM OF THESE WORDS:

TREE	MAN
ROOM	TURKEY
BABY	FISH
TOMATO	TOY
CAR	FOOT
CHILD	KNIFE
CAT	WATCH

GRAMMAR - "USED TO"/"WOULD", "BE"/"GET USED TO": USES AND FORMS

1. GRAMMAR: “USED TO” AND “WOULD”

A - USED TO + INFINITIVE: PAST STATES, HABITS AND ACTIONS. SPANISH: “SOLÍA ….”

Affirmative form: 

I used to have pets (Yo solía tener mascotas) / He used to smoke (Él solía fumar) / They used to walk every day (Ellos solían pasear todos los días).

Negative form: DID NOT /DIDN’T USE TO + INFINITIVE

I didn’t use to have pets / He didn’t use to smoke / They didn’t use to walk every day.

Interrogative form: DID + S + USE TO + INFINITIVE? 

Did I use to have pets? / Did he use to smoke? / Did they use to walk every day?

B - WOULD + INFINITIVE: PAST ACTIONS. SPANISH: VERBO PRINCIPAL EN IMPERFECTO DE INDICATIVO.

They would walk every day (Ellos andaban todos los días) / We would go to the beach in the summer (Nosotros íbamos a la playa en verano) / She would sing in a choir (Ella cantaba en un coro).

PAY ATTENTION: "USED TO" and "WOULD" can only be used in the Simple Past Tense. In the Present Simple tense, we use "usually" instead. E.g.: I usually read at night. (Yo suelo leer por la noche). 

2. GRAMMAR: “BE USED TO” AND “GET USED TO”

A – BE USED TO + GERUND: “ESTAR ACOSTUMBRADO A + INFINITIVO”

I’m used to celebrating my birthday every year (Estoy acostumbrado a celebrar mi cumpleaños todos los años) / My brother is used to getting up early (Mi hermano está acostumbrado a madrugar)

B – GET USED TO + GERUND:  “ACOSTUMBRARSE A + INFINITIVO”

I’m getting used to working ten hours a day (Me estoy acostumbrando a trabajar diez horas al día) / We got used to living in cold temperatures (Nos acostumbramos a vivir con bajas temperaturas) / They will soon get used to speaking Italian all the time (Ellos se acostumbrarán pronto a hablar italiano todo el tiempo).

PAY ATTENTION: "BE USED TO" and "GET USED TO" can be used in present, past and future tenses.