GRAMMAR - THERE IS, THERE ARE / COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1. THERE IS/ THERE ARE

COUNTABLE NOUNS

THERE IS + A / AN + singular noun: There is a flower.

THERE ARE + plural noun: There are four flowers.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

THERE IS + some + uncountable noun: There is some bread.
THERE IS NOT + any + uncountable noun: There isn't any bread.
IS THERE + any + uncountable noun? Is there any bread?

AFFIRMATIVE		NEGATIVE		INTERROGATIVE
Sing.	There is ... There’s ...	Singular	There is not ... There isn’t ...	Sing.	Is there…?     Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Pl.	There are ... There’re	Plural	There are not ... There aren’t ...	Pl.	Are there…? Yes, there are / No, there aren’t.

2. A/AN, SOME, ANY

AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
A/AN There is a pea.	A/AN There isn’t a pea.	A/AN Is there a pea?	COUNTABLE (Singular)
SOME There are some peas.	ANY There aren’t any peas.	ANY Are there any peas?	COUNTABLE (Plural)
SOME There is some salt.	ANY There isn’t any salt.	ANY Is there any salt?	UNCOUNTABLE

3. HOW MANY/MUCH...?, NOT MANY/MUCH, A LOT OF, LOTS OF

1-  Questions:

HOW MANY + PLURAL NOUN? How many books do you have?

HOW MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN? How much sugar do you need?

2-  Negative answers:

HOW MANY? → NOT MANY

HOW MUCH? → NOT MUCH 

How many books do you have? Not many / I don’t have many books.

How much sugar do you need? Not much / I don’t need much sugar.

3- Affirmative answers: 

A LOT OF, LOTS OF + plural noun / uncountable noun

How many books do you have? A lot / I have a lot of books.

How much sugar do you need? A lot / I need a lot of sugar.