SPEAKING SKILL - DESCRIBING PICTURES: PRESENT SIMPLE vs PRESENT CONTINUOUS

WHAT DO THESE PEOPLE USUALLY DO ON SUNDAY AFTERNOONS? 

Use the Present Simple form of the following verbs to describe their actions:

stick photos in an album - do her homework - drink a cup of tea - play with a ball - sleep - prepare coffee with milk and sugar

Example: Dad usually prepares coffee with milk and sugar on Sunday afternoons.

WHAT ARETHESE PEOPLE DOING RIGHT NOW? 

Use the Present Continuous form of the following verbs to describe their actions:


shout at two boys - run - smile - talk on their phones - laugh - do his homework - listen to music

Example: Carla and Lucía are laughing.

GRAMMAR - PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: USES AND FORMATION

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

USES:

- To describe activities which are happening at the moment of speaking. Examples: I am listening to the radio now. They are writing a letter right now. He is doing his homework at the moment.

- To talk about temporary actions. Examples: This week my father is painting the house. This month we are living with my grandparents. This year my brother is studying in Liverpool.

Also: Present Continuous with future meaning → To talk about definite plans in the future (arrangements). Examples: I am having dinner with my friends tonight. He is going to the dentist tomorrow. We are playing an important football match next week.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES	NEGATIVE SENTENCES	QUESTIONS
I am / I’m + V-ing You are / You’re + V-ing He is / He’s + V-ing She is / She’s + V-ing It is / It’s + V-ing We are / We’re + V-ing You are / You’re+ V-ing They are / They’re + V-ing	I am not / I’m not + V-ing You are not / You aren’t +   V-ing He is not / He isn’t + V-ing She is not / She isn’t + V-ing It is not / It isn’t+ V-ing We are not / We aren’t + V-ing You are not / You aren’t+ V-ing They are not / They aren’t + V-ing	Am I + V-ing? Are you + V-ing? Is he + V-ing? Is she + V-ing? Is it + V-ing? Are we + V-ing? Are you + V-ing? Are they + V-ing?

1. SPELLING RULES:  

-       General rule: For most verbs, add -ing.  Do → doing, watch → watching, open → opening,  play → playing.

-       Verbs ending in mute  –e: e + -ing.  Make → making, write → writing, take → taking.

-       One-syllable verbs ending in a C+V+C (except “w” “x” “y”): Double consonant + –ing.  Run → running.

-       Verbs ending –ie: Change –ie to –y + -ing. Die → dying, lie → lying.

-       Two-syllable verbs ending in a stressed vowel + a consonant: Double consonant + -ing. Begin → Beginning. But: travelling.

GRAMMAR - PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: USES AND FORMATION

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

USES:

- To talk about habits. Examples: I go to school. They have lunch at two o’clock. He studies hard.

- To talk about permanent actions. Examples: You live in Logroño. She works in an important factory.

AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE	SHORT ANSWERS
S + V + Cs	S + do not / don’t + V + Cs	Do + S + V + Cs?	Yes, S + do / No, S + don’t.
Examples: I read a book. They sing a song.	Examples: I do not / don’t  read a book. They do not / don’t  sing a song.	Examples: Do I read a book? Do they sing a song?	Examples: Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
3rd p. sg.: HE, SHE, IT* S + V-s + Cs	3rd p. sg.: HE, SHE, IT S+ does not / doesn’t + V + Cs	3rd p. sg.: HE, SHE, IT Does + S + V + Cs?	3rd p. sg.: HE, SHE, IT Yes, S + does / No, S + doesn’t.
Examples: He reads a book. She sings a song.	Examples: He does not / doesn’t  read  a book. She does not / doesn’t  sing a song.	Examples: Does he read a book? Does she sing a song?	Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

* SPELLING RULES:

1.    General rules: Most verbs add –s. Examples: read → reads, write → writes, open → opens, play → plays.

2.    Verbs ending in –s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z,  -o → -es. Examples: kiss → kisses, wash → washes, watch → watches, go → goes.

3.    Verbs ending in consonant + y → y –ies. Examples: study → studies, tidy → tidies.

VOCABULARY - SPORT COLLOCATIONS: PLAY, GO, DO

VERBS	USE	EXAMPLES
PLAY	+ ball sports	Football, basketball, golf, hockey, rugby, tennis, badminton, cricket
GO	+ sports and activities ending in “-ing”	Cycling, riding, jogging, dancing, surfing, swimming, snowboarding, sailing, camping
DO	+ other sports and activities	Athletics, judo, aerobics, karate, yoga, gymnastics, ballet, exercise

VOCABULARY EXERCISE

Complete the sentences with the correct form of  PLAY, GO, OR DO:

I _______ swimming	Tim _______ football
You _______ volleyball	Ann _______ cycling
Mike _____ snowboarding	I _______ golf

GRAMMAR - THEORY & PRACTICE: WH- QUESTIONS

WHAT? - ¿qué? ¿cuál?	E.g. What is your name? What time is it?
WHO? - ¿quién/es?	E.g. Who are you?
WHY? - ¿por qué?	E.g. Why is he angry? Because…
WHEN? - ¿cuándo?	E.g. When is the party?
WHERE? - ¿dónde?	E.g. Where is your brother?
HOW? - ¿cómo?	E.g. How are you?
HOW OLD?	E.g. How old is Victoria?
HOW OFTEN?	E.g. How often do you play tennis?
HOW MUCH? - ¿cuánt@?	E.g. How much is it?
HOW MANY? ¿cuánt@s?	E.g. How many books have you got?
WHICH? - ¿cuál? (select)	E.g. Which book do you prefer?
WHOSE? - ¿de quién?	E.g. Whose is this car?

     EXERCISE - Complete the questions with one of the question words above:

1.   ______________________ do you live? I live in Barcelona.

2.   ______________________ is your job? I am a dentist.

3.   ______________________ skirt do you want? I want the red skirt.

4.   ______________________’s your boyfriend? My boyfriend is James.

5.   ______________________ does she study French? Because she wants to travel to Paris.

6.   ______________________ are you? I’m 25 years old.

7.   ______________________ car is this? This is Peter’s car.

8.   ______________________’s your mum? She is at the cinema.

9.   ______________________ do you watch football? At 8.30.

10. ____________________ books have you got? I’ve got ten books.

11. ________________ do you go to school? I go to school every day.

12. _______________  bread is there? There is a lot of bread.

EXERCISE - Write the questions for the following answers:

1- Yes, there was a bookcase.

.............................................................................................................................?

2- No, he wasn’t in the living room.

.............................................................................................................................?

3- I saw an accident.

.............................................................................................................................?  

4- I brought a book.

.............................................................................................................................?  

5- Yes, I ate three apples.  

.............................................................................................................................?  

6- Tom arrived at 5 o’clock.

.............................................................................................................................?  

7- No, I didn’t buy milk.

.............................................................................................................................?  

8- No, the house didn’t have three bedrooms.

.............................................................................................................................?  

9- She travelled to Italy.

.............................................................................................................................?   

10- He drunk a cup of tea.

.............................................................................................................................?  

11- No, there weren’t any books. 

.............................................................................................................................?

11- Jennifer played with Michael. 

.............................................................................................................................?